Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD)

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It is one of the most common psychiatric disorders of childhood.

What Are the Symptoms?

Inattention Symptoms:

• Unable to follow instructions from beginning to end
• Difficulty paying attention to work or play
• Losing materials needed for tasks at home or school
• Appearing not to listen
• Missing details
• Appearing disorganized
• Avoiding tasks requiring sustained mental effort
• Forgetfulness

Hyperactivity and Impulsivity Symptoms:

• Often fidgeting with hands or feet
• Squirming in seat
• Running or climbing at inappropriate times
• Unable to play quietly
• Constantly on the move
• Excessive talking
• Answering before questions are completed
• Unable to wait turn
• Disturbing or interrupting others

Diagnostic Criteria

For diagnosis, at least 2/3 of the symptoms in one or both groups must be present in the child. Additionally, symptoms must have started before age 7 and must cause problems in at least two different settings.

Treatment

ADHD treatment combines medication, behavioral therapy, and family education. With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, children's academic and social success can significantly improve.